Main glossary
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Pharmaceutical companyA pharmaceutical company is a company that develops, produces, and markets drugs for use as medications. | |
PharmacoepidemiologyThe
study of the use and effect of drugs in a well-defined, large population | |
PharmacokineticsThe study of how a drug enters, moves through
and leaves the body. This can include its absorption, distribution, breakdown
and excretion | ||
PharmacovigilanceThe
practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been
licensed to identify previously unreported adverse reactions | |
PhaseClinical trial programmes are divided into
different stages, called phases. There are three main phases where Phase I
trials typically involve testing a drug on a small number of healthy volunteers
to assess safety, Phase II trials are testing on a small number of patients to
assess the efficacy and Phase III allow this to be scaled up to much larger
numbers | |
PhenotypeThe set of observable characteristics in a living organism | |
PhenotypingThe full set of an individual's observable characteristics reflecting genetic inheritance, genetic mutations, and environmental influences. Phenotypic data can include the results of clinical tests, scans, and descriptions. | |
Pilot studyA small scale preliminary study to evaluate the
feasibility, duration, cost and side effects prior to embarking on a full-scale
research project | |
PlaceboA placebo is an inactive medicine which has no treatment value. | |
Pre-clinical researchPre-clinical research is essentially all medical research that does not require human participation. To name but a few methods, researchers can use bacteria, yeast, animal models, and computational models to investigate human health. | |
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